Mechanics Section
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Newton's First Law of Motion — Inertia
Objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by a net external force. Explores inertia, balanced forces, and reference frames.
Linear Motion
Kinematics of motion in a straight line: displacement, velocity, acceleration, and the SUVAT equations for uniformly accelerated motion.
Newton's Second Law of Motion
The relationship between net force, mass, and acceleration (F = ma). Covers free-body diagrams, normal forces, friction, and coupled systems.
Newton's Third Law of Motion
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Explores action-reaction pairs, contact forces, and common misconceptions.
Momentum
Linear momentum, impulse, and the conservation of momentum in collisions. Covers elastic vs. inelastic collisions and center-of-mass motion.
Energy
Kinetic and potential energy, the work-energy theorem, and conservation of mechanical energy. Includes power, efficiency, and non-conservative forces.
Rotational Motion
Angular kinematics, torque, moment of inertia, and rotational analogues of Newton's laws. Covers rolling without slipping and angular momentum conservation.
Gravity
Newton's law of universal gravitation, gravitational fields, and gravitational potential energy. Introduces orbital mechanics and escape velocity.
Projectile and Satellite Motion
Two-dimensional kinematics treating horizontal and vertical motion independently. Extends to circular orbits and the conditions for satellite flight.